Control Statements in Java

 In Java, control statements are used to alter the flow of execution in a program. They help in decision-making, looping, and branching. Here's a complete overview:

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✅ Types of Control Statements in Java

Java control statements are mainly classified into:

1. Decision-Making Statements

2. Looping (Iteration) Statements

3. Branching Statements

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🔹 1. Decision-Making Statements

a) if Statement

int num = 10;
if (num > 0) {
    System.out.println("Positive number");
}

b) if-else Statement

int num = -5;
if (num > 0) {
    System.out.println("Positive");
} else {
    System.out.println("Negative or Zero");
}

c) if-else-if Ladder

int score = 85;
if (score >= 90) {
    System.out.println("Grade A");
} else if (score >= 75) {
    System.out.println("Grade B");
} else {
    System.out.println("Grade C");
}

d) switch Statement

int day = 3;
switch(day) {
    case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
    case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
    case 3: System.out.println("Wednesday"); break;
    default: System.out.println("Other day");
}

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🔹 2. Looping (Iteration) Statements

a) for Loop

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
}

b) while Loop

int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
    i++;
}

c) do-while Loop

int i = 1;
do {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
    i++;
} while (i <= 5);

d) Enhanced for-each Loop (used with arrays/collections)

int[] nums = {10, 20, 30};
for (int n : nums) {
    System.out.println(n);
}

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🔹 3. Branching Statements

a) break

Used to exit a loop or switch early.

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) break;
    System.out.println(i);
}

b) continue

Skips the current iteration and goes to the next.

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) continue;
    System.out.println(i);
}

c) return

Exits from the method and optionally returns a value.

public static int square(int x) {
    return x * x;
}

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📝 Summary Table

Category	Statement	Purpose
Decision	if, else, switch	For making choices
Looping	for, while, do-while, for-each	For repeating tasks
Branching	break, continue, return	To alter loop/method flow